%1 and %~1 for evaluating input

why would one use %1 for evaluating input or instead use %~1 for evaluating input? I see examples of using %~f1 to substitute like as in... echo %~f1 which outputs the current path appended with the first offered arguement. what is the purpose of the ~ ? Is there a list of substitution options like the f in %~f1 ? Any explanation will be helpful or just offer a source for reading.

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