Could somebody tell me what does “Network Load Balancing” does? From what I understand, this is something you would use if you have a web server and you’d want to distribute the load. But, could you use load balancing on a single domain? Let’s say I want to create a new AD with 3 servers and I’d want to have all 3 as the DC’s and distribute the load between all 3 servers. Would the users only see one AD server or will they see all 3?

Thanks and sorry for the newbie question

NLB is not needed for AD. Authentication procedures already built into AD and AD clients spreads the wealth among DC's. You should make sure you make more than one of the DC's a Global Catalog server for additional fault tolerance and load balance.

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So, if you have two or three DC's in your AD structure - do the users see the DC's one one server two or three?

During authentication, clients make a DNS query for AD specific service records within DNS (hence the need for DNS for AD among other reasons). Clients will use DC's within the their first. Which DC it finally uses has to do with factors like the lowest ping time and others, the final result is the order is randomized. If no DC responds within the client's site, the client then proceeds to try DC's outside its AD site.

So to answer your question, clients are aware that each DC is a logically separate object because there are different DNS records for each DC.

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