I have a PC with Vista Business and a laptop with XP Pro. I'm trying to get them to network together. Neither of them can see each other currently. They are both on the same workgroup.However, strangely enough, the Vista PC shows the XP PC on the Network Map, but I'm not sure if that means anything.

That means a lot. That means that your issue is permission not network.
Check that firewall allows shares.
I prefer to map the share as a drive. Connect as different user at the bottom of that first screen. Then use the name and password of the other machines share owner.

"Best Practices", Event viewer, host file, perfmon, are in my top 10

Remember to configure your computer's firewall to allow file sharing. Better way is just disable the firewall temporary till you solved the problem..

Here are some articles to help you:

Share File with User/Group Permission in XP

Password Protected File Sharing in Windows Vista

File sharing is enabled everywhere. It should also be noted that I'm dual booting XP and Vista and when I'm in XP both computers can see each other just fine but when I'm in vista they can't see each other.

Hi,

Plse do these things,

Through Local Security Policy:
NOTE: This is for Vista Business, Ultimate, and Enterprise versions
only.

1. Open Administrative Tools.
NOTE: In Start Menu or Control Panel (Classic View).
2. Click Local Security Policy.
3. In the left pane, click the triangle next to Local Policy.
4. In the left pane, click Security Options.
5. In the right pane near the bottom, click Network security: LAN manager
authentication level.
6. Click the drop down box, and click Send LM & NTLM - use NTLMv2 session
security if negotiated.
7. Click OK.
8. Restart the computer.

Now we can log into the XP shared dirs and printers from Vista.

Yoga

Ensure there is no firewall (Windows firewall, antivirus firewall, etc) enabled on Vista that blocks the traffic. And both computers can ping each other.

Also check whether you have installed LLTD on XP, if not installed it won't be able to be seen by vista.