Having a similiar issue as many users on here.
Except...
I'm Mickey Mousin' my external DVD writter's enclosure to temporarily make a sata drive partition copy onto my new EIDE hard drive for another computer.

Here's my details. Barracuda 7200 320GB PATA HD LG's external Super Multi DVD Rewritter enclosure (GSA-H55L)

Ok, here's the particulars.
I just was given an old single core computer which I bought some memory and the above harddive for to use for extra payloads. So I didn't want to pay for another enclosure just to copy my current laptops HD image over to a partition on the new harddrive I bought for the new... old computer. So, I have an external LG DVD writter and so I "thought" hey! I can save some money just by temporarily dismantling it and using it to setup my new harddrive..... In theory it made sense... considering both items are EIDE....
Well what do you know....
I try jumper settings (Master, Slave, Cable Select, Non-ATA, and <100G) and I get that silly "This device cannot start. (Code 10)" in my Device Manager's Universal Serial Bus Controllers USB Mass Storage Device. Humm... I really DON'T want to buy a $30 enclosure just to return it the next day because I only need it for this one thing. SO... can I temporarily modd the enclosure in anyway?... What are my options? OTHER then buying another enclosure. (Got enough SATA enclosures scattered across my desk as it is...)

Cloning the drive from your laptop to the new drive you intend using in the desktop seems a pointless exercise. You would need to do a repair instal before booting it up anyway so why not just do a clean instal? As to why the drive will not function in the enclosure you have, I don't know but perhaps there is something in it that restricts it to optic devices. ( Optic drives require only a 40 wire connection but modern harddrives need 80 wire and the enclosure you have may not be equipped for that)

I used to have a signature but it disappeared and I just couldn't be bothered writing another so please feel free to ingore this.

Most of what Richard59 states is true. However, modern optical burn capable drives DO require an 80 wire cable to function in one of the DMA modes. I have a 5 1/4" enclosure that is suitable for optical OR harddrives. I am currently using it for a 320GB EIDE WD drive.

I would speculate that your external enclosure is NOT 48 bit LBA compliant. That means it can't handle harddrives larger than 137GB.

Older enclosures are 28 bit LBA compliant.