256-bit = how large the data path is to the memory = better bandwidth
128M = amount of video memory textures can be stored without having to use slower system memory = better quality graphics and speed increase provided your video card's CPU can keep up processing which textures need to be viewable
"Whats the difference between a 5900 and a 6600?"
It's like jumping from a Pentium 3 to a Pentium 4. They're Graphics Processing Units. The specific differences between those two in particular you can look up.
"Can anyone link me to a performance chart of various cards?"
www.tomshardware.com
Look for the Graphics cards charts.
"and perhaps even some helpful advice?"
Don't pay the slightest bit of attention to the amound of video RAM a card has unless the RAM is equally as fast, with the same datapath (the bit number), and the GPU is powerful enough to process the increased amount of textures stored in the video RAM. Adding additional slower video RAM is the cheapest thing a manufacturer can do to make their graphics card appear better on paper than it really is.
"Christmas and the New Year are actually two holidays.... I suppose you could say 'Merry Christmas' and 'Happy New Year,' but you probably have sh!t to do." --Jon Stewart, on saying "Happy Holidays"