Helo to all! I've read most of the article about the external clock of the CPU(which is the FSB) and the DRAM frequency. it should be 1:1 ratio between the CPU and the DRAM. so i told myself to increase my FSB which actually 133mhz(auto set in bios) to 166mhz(coz my ram is PC2700/DDR333). so is it safe to overclock my CPU(Celeron D 2393mhz) to 2988mhz(18 x 166/333fsb)? hw can i increase my voltage? Lastly, how would you know the multiplier ratio of a certain CPU? Thankx! AsRock P4I45Gv Intel Chipsets Celeron D 2.40 Ghz DDR333 512mb ram 40GB HDD Western Digital Geforce FX 128MB/64bit

If you increase the CPU speed to 3.0GHz by raising the bus speed to 166MHz (which is actually 166.6666), the FSB becomes 667, not 333. Intel "quad pumps" the bus. If you know the default speed of your CPU & know the default FSB setting, simply do the math to get the multiplier. 2400/133.3333 = 18 Here's where things get tricky. Not only do you have to think of CPU bus & RAM bus, you have to think of CPU bandwidth & RAM throughput. The bandwidth of an Intel CPU with 533FSB (133MHz quad pumped) is 4267MB/sec (533 x 8), but the throughput of a single stick of PC2700 running at 166MHz is only 2667MB/sec. If you increase the CPU bus to 166MHz (667FSB), the CPU bandwidth becomes 5333 MB/sec (667 x 8), but the RAM throughput remains at 2667MB/sec. In other words, the RAM is already bottlenecking your system & if you increase the CPU FSB without doing anything with the RAM, the bottleneck becomes even worse. At 533FSB, you'd need two sticks of RAM running at 133MHz in dual channel mode to balance the bandwidth:throughput ratio at 1:1 NOTE: I used "real" numbers in my calculations, not rounded numbers ASUS A7N8X-X Athlon XP 1800+ 8.5 x 200MHz 1024MB PC3200 2.5-3-3-7 Asus A9550GE/TD 128MB WinME/WinXP Pro SP1

ok tnx, now i understand. ur good. Anywayz..i don't knw if my mobo(ASRock P4I45GV, intel 845GV chipset)supports dual channel mode DRAM. If in case i dont hve a dual channel mode RAM, do i sill need a 133mhz or a 166mhz ram in two sticks? so, in my case, if i overclocked it up to 3.0 with a single stick of PC2700, do u think my ram will be damage? BTW, how would i know if my mobo suports dual chanel mode? thankz. AsRock P4I45Gv Intel Chipsets Celeron D 2.40 Ghz DDR333 512mb ram 40GB HDD Western Digital Geforce FX 128MB/64bit

btw, how can i increase the voltage if ever ill overclock 8 to 3.0? AsRock P4I45Gv Intel Chipsets Celeron D 2.40 Ghz DDR333 512mb ram 40GB HDD Western Digital Geforce FX 256MB/128bit

Hey, didn't I explain that whole quad-pump thing to you a few days ago? Anyhow, your board doesn't support dual channel mode, & it doesn't have the option to increase the CPU voltage either. It's not a good board for overclocking & sorry to say, doesn't look to be a very good board at all: http://www.asrock.com/product/product_p4i45gv_r5.htm ASUS A7N8X-X Athlon XP 1800+ 8.5 x 200MHz 1024MB PC3200 2.5-3-3-7 Asus A9550GE/TD 128MB WinME/WinXP Pro SP1